Figures gallery · all 16 chapters

Every CBTC subsystem, drawn at the level of detail engineers actually need.

All 78 original technical figures from both volumes, organized by chapter. Architectures, decision flowcharts, comparison matrices, deployment maps — drawn from scratch for this work, not lifted from vendor brochures.

78figures total

16chapters covered

2volumes

Vol 1 · Chapter 01

The Evolution of Train Control

150-Year Evolution Timeline

Fig 1.1 150-Year Evolution Timeline

Typical Fixed-Block Signaling Layout

Fig 1.2 Typical Fixed-Block Signaling Layout

Cab Signaling — Advisory vs. Enforcement

Fig 1.3 Cab Signaling — Advisory vs. Enforcement

Fixed-Block Capacity Limitation

Fig 1.4 Fixed-Block Capacity Limitation

Fixed-Block vs. Moving-Block Principle

Fig 1.5 Fixed-Block vs. Moving-Block Principle

Movement Authority Concept

Fig 1.6 Movement Authority Concept

ATC = ATP + ATO + ATS — Triad Architecture

Fig 1.7 ATC = ATP + ATO + ATS — Triad Architecture

NYC L-Line Capacity Gain After CBTC

Fig 1.8 NYC L-Line Capacity Gain After CBTC

Fig 1.9 Lifecycle Cost Profile — CBTC vs. Conventional

Vol 1 · Chapter 02

Standards, Regulations & the US Framework

Standards Framework for CBTC — US Context

Fig 2.1 Standards Framework for CBTC — US Context

US CBTC Project Safety & Governance Workflow

Fig 2.2 US CBTC Project Safety & Governance Workflow

V-Model Lifecycle for Safety-Critical Systems

Fig 2.3 V-Model Lifecycle for Safety-Critical Systems

SIL Pyramid — Safety Integrity Levels

Fig 2.4 SIL Pyramid — Safety Integrity Levels

FTA State Safety Oversight Approval Pathway

Fig 2.5 FTA State Safety Oversight Approval Pathway

Regulatory Comparison — US vs. EU vs. China

Fig 2.6 Regulatory Comparison — US vs. EU vs. China

Vol 1 · Chapter 03

CBTC System Architecture Overview

ATP / ATO / ATS — Functional Triad

Fig 3.1 ATP / ATO / ATS — Functional Triad

End-to-End CBTC Architecture

Fig 3.2 End-to-End CBTC Architecture

Three-Tier Physical Architecture

Fig 3.3 Three-Tier Physical Architecture

CBTC Heartbeat Cycle — 200 ms Loop

Fig 3.4 CBTC Heartbeat Cycle — 200 ms Loop

Overlay vs. Standalone CBTC

Fig 3.5 Overlay vs. Standalone CBTC

Vol 1 · Chapter 04

Onboard Equipment (VOBC)

VOBC Functional Architecture

Fig 4.1 VOBC Functional Architecture

Train Localization — Sensor Fusion

Fig 4.2 Train Localization — Sensor Fusion

Braking Curve & Safe Stop Calculation

Fig 4.3 Braking Curve & Safe Stop Calculation

Driver-Machine Interface (DMI) Layout

Fig 4.4 Driver-Machine Interface (DMI) Layout

Vol 1 · Chapter 05

Wayside Equipment

Zone Controller Territory & Handover

Fig 5.1 Zone Controller Territory & Handover

Interlocking and CBTC Interface Logic

Fig 5.2 Interlocking and CBTC Interface Logic

Vol 1 · Chapter 06

Communication Systems

CBTC Radio Communication Architecture

Fig 6.1 CBTC Radio Communication Architecture

Trackside Wireless Coverage and Handover

Fig 6.2 Trackside Wireless Coverage and Handover

Communication Loss Fallback Sequence

Fig 6.3 Communication Loss Fallback Sequence

Cybersecurity Defense-in-Depth

Fig 6.4 Cybersecurity Defense-in-Depth

Vol 1 · Chapter 07

Central System / ATS

ATS Architecture — Functional Layers

Fig 7.1 ATS Architecture — Functional Layers

OCC Information Flow

Fig 7.2 OCC Information Flow

Operational Data Analytics Loop

Fig 7.3 Operational Data Analytics Loop

ATS External System Integration

Fig 7.4 ATS External System Integration

Predictive Maintenance Data Pipeline

Fig 7.5 Predictive Maintenance Data Pipeline

Dispatcher Workstation — 4-Monitor Layout

Fig 7.6 Dispatcher Workstation — 4-Monitor Layout

Vol 1 · Chapter 08

Grades of Automation

GoA 0–4 Responsibility Matrix

Fig 8.1 GoA 0–4 Responsibility Matrix

GoA Progression Ladder

Fig 8.2 GoA Progression Ladder

Global GoA Adoption Comparison

Fig 8.3 Global GoA Adoption Comparison

GoA 4 Prerequisites Checklist

Fig 8.4 GoA 4 Prerequisites Checklist

GoA Selection Decision Flowchart

Fig 8.5 GoA Selection Decision Flowchart

Phased GoA Roadmap

Fig 8.6 Phased GoA Roadmap

Vol 2 · Chapter 09

Operating Modes — State Logic

VOBC Mode State Machine

Fig 9.1 VOBC Mode State Machine

Territory Entry / Exit Sequence

Fig 9.2 Territory Entry / Exit Sequence

Degraded-Mode Ladder

Fig 9.3 Degraded-Mode Ladder

Modes — Continuum from Manual to UTO

Fig 9.5 Modes — Continuum from Manual to UTO

Phantom Occupancy Failure Mode

Fig 9.6 Phantom Occupancy Failure Mode

Vol 2 · Chapter 10

US Deployment Case Studies

US CBTC Deployment Map

Fig 10.1 US CBTC Deployment Map

US Deployment Timeline (1999–2025)

Fig 10.2 US Deployment Timeline (1999–2025)

Project Comparison Matrix

Fig 10.3 Project Comparison Matrix

NYC CBTC Expansion Map

Fig 10.4 NYC CBTC Expansion Map

BART TCMP Phasing

Fig 10.5 BART TCMP Phasing

US Cost & Schedule Performance

Fig 10.6 US Cost & Schedule Performance

Vol 2 · Chapter 11

Global Benchmarking

Global Benchmark Comparison

Fig 11.1 Global Benchmark Comparison

Global UTO Maturity Map

Fig 11.2 Global UTO Maturity Map

Headway Comparison — Major Networks

Fig 11.7 Headway Comparison — Major Networks

UTO Availability — Top 10 Lines

Fig 11.8 UTO Availability — Top 10 Lines

Vol 2 · Chapter 12

Project Lifecycle, V&V, Safety Case

Project Lifecycle Roadmap

Fig 12.1 Project Lifecycle Roadmap

Safety Case Document Structure

Fig 12.4 Safety Case Document Structure

Testing & Commissioning Timeline

Fig 12.5 Testing & Commissioning Timeline

Vol 2 · Chapter 13

Performance, Reliability & Energy

Headway Determinants

Fig 13.1 Headway Determinants

Redundancy & Failover Architecture

Fig 13.5 Redundancy & Failover Architecture

Traction Energy Breakdown

Fig 13.6 Traction Energy Breakdown

CBTC Energy Savings — Empirical Data

Fig 13.9 CBTC Energy Savings — Empirical Data

Vol 2 · Chapter 14

Lifecycle Cost & Procurement Economics

30-Year Lifecycle Cost Stack

Fig 14.1 30-Year Lifecycle Cost Stack

Benefit / ROI Framework

Fig 14.2 Benefit / ROI Framework

TCO Sensitivity Tornado

Fig 14.3 TCO Sensitivity Tornado

Funding Stack — Federal / State / Local

Fig 14.4 Funding Stack — Federal / State / Local

Vol 2 · Chapter 15

Vendor Landscape & Future Tech

Global Supplier Landscape

Fig 15.1 Global Supplier Landscape

Technology Roadmap (2025–2040)

Fig 15.2 Technology Roadmap (2025–2040)

5G Migration Path for CBTC

Fig 15.4 5G Migration Path for CBTC

PTC vs. CBTC — Functional Comparison

Fig 15.5 PTC vs. CBTC — Functional Comparison

AI / ML Application Zones

Fig 15.6 AI / ML Application Zones

Vol 2 · Chapter 16

China Comparative Case Studies

China vs. US Comparison Dashboard

Fig 16.1 China vs. US Comparison Dashboard

Delivery Model Comparison

Fig 16.2 Delivery Model Comparison

Regulatory Framework Comparison

Fig 16.3 Regulatory Framework Comparison

China CBTC Rollout Gantt

Fig 16.4 China CBTC Rollout Gantt

Cross-Learning — What US Can Adopt

Fig 16.5 Cross-Learning — What US Can Adopt